Block Diagram of Communication System

In this Artical we will see some basic terminologies and the basic block diagram of the communication system.

So in a very basic sense, the communication is the exchange of information between the two points and in electronics point of view, using the electronic gadgets and the devices.

The information can be extended between the two points, which are far away from each other.

So this extent of information could be wired or wireless, and the communication could be point to point communication or point to multipoint, or even it could be in the network. Also, and many times this communication could be window broadcast. Also where from one station, the information is broadcast data.

And one such example is the FM transmission where a radio station broadcast the information at a particular frequency, and anyone can tune the receiver to the particular frequency or the channel to receive the information.

And in fact, using the gadgets we are sending and receiving the information every day, like talking on a smartphone or sending an email to someone and even watching the television are the examples of the different communication system. So through a basic block diagram of the communication system.

Let's understand how the information is extended between the two points. So in this block diagram, the first block is the source itself from where the message signal is generated.

So this message could be voice email or the television signal, or it could be when some data signal.

So if this message is in non-electric form, then using the transducer, it is converted into the electrical signal.

So the microphones CCD camera and the computer keyboard are the examples of the transducer.

For example, using the microphone, our voice, can we connote it into the electrical signal and using the camera, the picture or the motion?

Can we convert it into the digital signal? So after this transducer, the electrical signal, which we have is known as the input signal, then after this transducer..

Transmitters

the next block is the transmitter. So this transmitter modifies the input signal for the efficient transmission.

And this transmitter module also contains several subsystems like the modulator, the analog to digital converter and, and coder. And many times it also contains the amplifier system.

For example, if the signal is analog in nature and it needs to be converted into the digital form, then first it is sample at the regular intervals and then it is quantized. And after the containerization using the analog to digital converter.

It is converted into the digital form. And later it can be encoded in a particular format using the encoder.

And usually for the efficient transmission, the signal is modulated using the particular scheme.

So this modulation is the process where the property of the periodic signal like the amplitude phase or the frequency is altered according input signal.

transmitter signal

Now, when we talk about the transmitted signal, then we need to know certain characteristic of this classmate signal. Like whether it is analog or digital signal, what is the frequency of the signal?

If it contains multiple frequencies, then what is the range of frequencies in the transmitted signal or in other way, what is the bandwidth of the transmitted signal?

And if the signal is transmitted in the digital form, then at reiterate, the data is transmitted, or in other words, what is the data rate or the bitrate of the transmit signal?

Then another important aspect is the power level of the signal, because that will decide how long the signal can be transmitted over a particular medium fatefully.

So these are the, some of the aspects which are very important for the transmitted signal. And one needs to see these aspects while designing the communication link.

So the signal after this transmitter is known as the transmitted signal, and this signal is sent over the particular channel.

So a channel is the medium or weeds. The signal is transmitted over the certain distance.

So this channel could be a physical channel like optical fiber or the coaxial cable, or it could be a wireless channel, like a radio link.

So this channel partly behaves like a filter and at a neutral different frequencies of the transmitter signal differently.

So once the transmitted signal passes through the channel and gets received at the receiver, then it gets attenuated as well as the distorted. Moreover, the noise also gets super-imposed over transmitted a signal.

So if this is the transmitter signal at the transmitter, and then add the receiver, we may seem to attend as well as the distorted signal.

And by what amount the signal will get at an and the distorted, it will depend on the length of the channel.

So if the signal travels longer in a particular medium, then the attenuation and the discussion of the signal will be more, but the detector or the receiver should be able to recover the message signal from this distorted signal and whether the detector is able to recover the signal or not.

It depends on the signal to noise ratio. So it is a very important parameter in the communication system. So this parameter is the ratio of the signal power to the noise power.

So by increasing the signal power, the signal to noise ratio can be improved and the signal can be transmitted or longer distance fatefully.

Needs

Now, many times the signal needs to be transmitted over a much longer distance, and it is not possible to increase the signal power beyond a certain limit.

So in such case region, they do repeaters are used after the certain distance. So these regional repeaters detects the distorted and the noisy signal and generates the fresh copy of the transmitted signal.

And that signal is once again, transmitted over the particular channel.

So this is another way to increase the distance over which the signal can be transmitter data about from that for the digital signals, using the error correction mechanism, and by adding the redundancy in the message signal, the error in the received signal can be reduced.

So for a transmitting medium or a tenant perspective, following other important specifications.

Length Or Distance

The first is what is the length of the channel or distance who ways the signal can be transmitted fatefully.

Then another important specification is the bandwidth of the channel. So it is the end of the frequencies, which is supported by the channel with reasonable fidelity.

For example, if a particular channel can transmit the signal in the range of zero to 20 kilohertz, then we can say that the bandwidth of the channel is 20 kilo Hertz.

And if the signal is transmitted in their digital form, then for the digital signal, the another important aspect is the data rate that is the maximum supported data by the particular channel. So these are the, some of the important aspect for the 10 perspective.

Receiver

Now at the receiver, these receiver signal is demodulate. And if the signal is in digital form, then first of all, it is recorded.

And then using the digital analog converter, it is converted into the analog signal. And after the proper amplification, this signal is given to the output transducer.

So this output transducer could be a speaker, or it could be one, a display screen of the smartphone or the monitor.

So this is the basic block background of the communication system and a little overview of how the information are the message is transmitted from one point to another point.

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