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Block Diagram of Communication System In this Artical we will see some basic terminologies and the basic block diagram of the communication system. So in a very basic sense, the communication is the exchange of information between the two points and in electronics point of view, using the electronic gadgets and the devices.  The information can be extended between the two points, which are far away from each other. So this extent of information could be wired or wireless, and the communication could be point to point communication or point to multipoint, or even it could be in the network. Also, and many times this communication could be window broadcast . Also where from one station, the information is broadcast data. And one such example is the FM transmission where a radio station broadcast the information at a particular frequency, and anyone can tune the receiver to the particular frequency or the channel to receive the information.  What is Pic18-Q40 Microcontroller Wha...

So in this Artical, we will learn about the Two Port Network . So as its name suggests that two port network is the electrical circuit or the network, which contains the two ports. But to understand it in detail, first of all, we need to understand  What is Port What is port ? So the port is the pair of terminals, which connects the electrical circuit or the network to the external circuit. So through this port, any actual network or any independent source can be connected to the existing network, but any two terminals cannot be called as a port. And for that, they need to satisfy port condition if the current I, and to the one terminal of the port and the same current should lead to the second terminal. So if the pair of terminals satisfy this condition, then they can be called as a port. so if the electrical circuit or the network contains one such port, then it is called the one port network and all the basic circuit elements like the aesistor capacitor and the data out of the e...

What is Li Fi So in this Artical, we will learn about the Lifi technology, which is the abbreviation of a term light fidelity. So in simple terms, we can say that this lifi technology is nothing but light based lifi technology. And as we know, this wifi is fully network bi-directional wireless communication technology. But data is being transmitted using the radio waves while in case of a lifi technology , that data is transmitted in the form of visible light using the LED light source. So these household LED bulb and LED lamps, which are used as a light source can also be used to transmit the data. 1. How this lifi technology work So, first of all, let us understand how this lifi technology works. So if you see any LED light source. If you provide a constant current to this LED, it provides you the constant illumination or a constant brightness.  So as it is the current that is flowing through this LED bulb, the elimination or uprightness of this bulb will change. So this princip...

What is Power Over Ethernet(POE) In this Artical, we will learn what is power over Ethernet technology, which is also commonly known as a PoE. And we will also see some standards which are used for this power over Ethernet technology. Now, as we know, ethernet is the networking protocol, which is used to establish the local area network or a Len. And data is carried using the network cables or other cables. Now in Poe or power or ethernet technology , along with the data power can also be carried on this ethernet cables and using this different network devices can be powered up. So now generally the network device, which require less power are powered up using this power over Ethernet technology . So the IP phone wireless router and the IP cameras are the example of the network devices, which can be powered up using this powerover ethernet technology.  And today, if you see this power over ethernet technology , so established that millions of devices in the world are powered up usi...

What is Pic18-Q40 Microcontrollers  The pic18-Q40 family of microcontrollers combined powerful, versatile, and highly configurable core independent peripherals with advanced interconnection capabilities. These device family offers high level of sophistication into a small 14 or 20 pin space saving packages as a small as three by three millimeter. This product timely offers opposites 64 kilobyte up onto flash memory up to four kilobytes SRAM and 512 bytes up E prom system clock is speed up, up to 64 megahertz across there. 1.8 to 5.5 bolt operating voltage rains in temperatures from negative 40 to 125 degrees Celsius. What is Cache Memory Concept os Loop mesh node branch What is System in Chip What is Multiviblator Also, when you need a par savings, these devices can operate in idle, standby and power down sleep modes to balance performance with power consumption. The pic18-Q40 device family is smallest Pic. Pic18 microcontrollers ever built is suitable for a variety of applicati...

What is Multivibrator let us quickly understand about the multivibrator circuits. So this multivibrator is the electronic circuit , which is used in gleaming, the two-state devices like fifth flop. Now here, the who States refers to the two voltage of the multivibrator like plus 15 or 10 zero voltage. If you talk in terms of their digital electronics, then it can be either high or low state that here, the high state represent the logic one and the low state Ernst the logic zero. And depending the number of stable States, the multivibrator can we divide it in three types is stable, mono stable, and bi-stable melody vibrators. So in instable, multivibrator , the awkward will not remain stable in any of the two States.  And if you see the output of the multivibrator will conduce the changes between the who States. Now here, the time for which the output remains in the particular state can be decided by the passive components like resistor capacitor, and this type of stable, multivi...

1.What is system in chip Today We will see what the system on chip . So today we are living in the area of a smartphone and a tablet. And in the past decade, the technology has been evolved so much that using this smartphone and tablet, we can do almost all the stuff that we were used to do with her desktop and a laptop. So using this smartphone and tablet, we can do a stuff like gaming, web browsing for two editing, creating documents, media streaming, and many more things. And yet these devices are quite compact compared to the desktop and a laptop. And yet they contains almost all the parts which you see inside the desktop and a laptop. So almost all the components that you see inside the motherboard of any laptop or a desktop are integrated inside a single chip in the smartphone.  What is RAM What is DRAM What is Cache Memory Concept os Loop mesh node branch So the entire system, which is required to run a smartphone is in data inside a single chip. And that is known as a SOC ...

Concepts is Loop Mesh Node Branch Today we will see the concept of loop mesh node and a branch in the electrical circuit. So these are the basic circuit terminologies, which are quite often using the electrical circuit. So let us start with the branch in the electrical circuit. So branch in the electrical circuit is a single circuit element. Now this single circuit element could be a passive components like resistor capacitor or inductor, or it could be elements, Laker or dead sorcerer current source. So now let's find the Brontes in the given circuit. So if you see this circuit This circuit contains the five circuit elements. This circuit contains a three resistors center, two wilted sources. What is DDR and SDRAM What is RAM What is DRAM What is Cache Memory So we can say that this circuit contains five branches as each branch represents a single circuit element. So we can say that this circuit contains five number of branches.  Now let's see the concept of noting the electri...

What is Cache Memory and Function So in this Artical we'll understand what is cache memory in computers and laptops. So in this Artical, we'll see what is the importance of this cache memory?  What is the typical size of this cache memory ? what are the different levels of cache memory that we fight inside the computers? So before we understand this case, from where it let us see different kinds of memory that we see inside our computers . So the first kind of memory that we find inside our computers is the non-volatile kind of memory like a hard Disk drive . So this hard disk low contains a mechanically rotating fast disks, which is also known as platters. And if you see any, commercially-available hard disk drive, the typical rotation speed of hard disk is either 5,400 or 7,200 RPM. So as hard disk drive contains a mechanical rotating part. So in terms of the speed, they are quite slow. So the typical reader writes speed that you get with this hard disk drive is in the rang...

What is DRAM Hello friends, during this Artical, we will discuss about DRAM it's working mechanism, types and obligation do them is a type of DRAM. So let's get started. This do dumb. DDA stands for dynamic random access memory. It uses a capacitor and a transistor for storing the data as charges. It is relatively unstable. You do the judge leakers property, which means data continues to move in and out of the memory. As long as the public is available, hence it needs refreshing. Therefore electricity should always flow to the chip to keep refreshing the memory. It has to be refreshed approximately after every 15 milliseconds, it also loses jaws each time that is red. The capacitor also has to be recharged whenever it is read from because reading from the capacitor discharge is it. If the capacitor is not refreshed, it will lose its electrical charge. All Software Programs Types of Software What is DDR and SDRAM What is RAM And the cell will have a value of zero. The DRAM cell ...

What is What is Random Access Memory (RAM) Random access memory (RAM) has two defining traits. First, you can jump around in the memory space using addresses.  You can write new data up here at address 1,000,024, and then you can send a new address command and immediately read what is down here and address 88. You can also pick any starting address and then read or write sequentially from that point stop when you want and jump to a different spot and do it again. The second trait of random access is that writing new data into a certain address can be done just as quickly as reading the data from that address.  In other words, from the microprocessor or microcontrollers perspective, the timing to erase and overwrite is the same as the timing to just read the data at any address, we call this trait symmetrical read and write in NAND and nor flash memories, E prompts, which are not random access memories. The physics of erasing and writing over the last content can take lots of t...

What is DDR and SDRAM Lets us see what is a DDR and SDRAM These days, the DDR, SDRAM are used as main memories in parcel computers, such as laptops and desktops. The DDR, SDRAM is basically a dynamic random access memory. The normal dynamic random access memories are DRAM are not regulated by any external clocks. The DRAM are, I think they're lost memories. If you can have these, I think are less DRAM with the microprocessor. The computers may not work properly. The processor performs operations based on a reference. Hence the memories that are connected with the processor must be synchronous. In the year 1993, that diagrams are made synchronous and synchronous dynamic SDRAM. He has to be around, or however that transfers the data Wally on one edge of the clock, let us consider a difference clock having poor clock cycles. And this is a faster clock cycle. Second clock cycle, third cycle and photo cycle in the conventional RAM.  What is Operating System All Software Programs Types...

1. Define Software and Software Programe Let's define software. Software is all the programs that run a computer system. It can be classified broadly as system software and application software. An operating system O S is a set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software. Control programs, managed computer hardware and resources by performing the following functions, job management control and prioritize tasks performed on the CPU.  Resource allocation manages computer resources, such as storage and memory data management control data integrity by generating check sums to verify the data has not been corrupted or changed communication controls and transfers data on parts of a computer system, such as communication between the CPU and IO devices, software. where a personal computer can perform a variety of tasks by using application software, which can be commercial software or software developed in house. You're probably most familiar with word proce...

In this Artical, we are going to discuss about system software, the system software access and interface between the computer, the hardware parts of the computer and the user user like you and me now, why this interface is required because we speak in language called English, or you could be speaking some other language, but the machine understands. The computer understands only one language, which is the binary language, zeros and ones. Now, if I'm speaking in English and the computer does not understand English. what is to be done and interpreter is required and interface as required the system software access such an interface, it converts all our instructions. The instructions that we are giving an English and to a machine understandable form for this work, there are different types of systems, softwares, operating system, language, processors, and device drivers.  1. Operating system.  Let's see what these softwares do. Operating system. It is responsible for functioning...